Device for manufacturing a prefabricated building section

ABSTRACT

A device for the manufacture of a prefabricated element intended to form at least part of a building. The device comprising at least two relatively movable jigs, which can be relatively fixed so that a mold can be formed in which a building element can be made to include at least two walls at an angle to each other, or a wall and a floor and/or an upper side of a section so that the element bounds at least part of the space of the building. At least one of the jigs is displaceable as a whole and coupled with driving members that displace the jig with respect to the other jig in two relatively opposite directions so that the parts can be moved away from each other or for moving the jigs in their relative manufacturing positions.

g the 9/1965 Nottingham et a1. FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS ABSTRACT A device for the manufacture of a prefabricated element intended to form at least part of a building. The device compris- 36 Claims, 23 Drawing Figures Primary ExaminerRobert D. Baldwin AttorneyMason, Mason & Albright ing at least two relatively movable jigs, which can be relatively fixed so that a mold can be formed in which a building element can be made to include at least two walls at an angle to each other, or a wall and a floor and/or an upper side of a section so that the element bounds at least part of the space of the building. At least one of the jigs is displaceable as a whole and coupled with driving members that displace the jig with respect to the other jig in two relatively opposite directions so that the parts can be moved away from each other or for movin jigs in their relative manufacturing positions.

Bast et al. .......................:25/130 B x Netherlands...................

References Cited Elli tats atent Cornelis Van Der Lely, 7 Bruschenrain, Zug, Switzerland Dec. 5, 1969 UNITED STATES PATENTS Foreign Application Priority Data Dec. 10, 1968 PREFABRKUATED BUILDING SECTION [72] inventor:

Filed:

[21] Appl. No.:

U S Cl lnt.

Field ofSearch W l l HQ ill [54] DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING A PATENTEDMAR28 I972 3. 652,052

SHEET 03 or 10 [VVEN TOR CQPNfiL/S VAN uE/e Z5;

PATENTED A I973 3,652,052

SHEET cu F 28/ o 280 I O FT I [IV V6 N K OYNEI/S VAN DER ELI j gy PATENTEDMms I972 sum 08 HF 10 2% 2% m C w P'A'TENTEU MR 2 a 1972 SHEET 08UF 10 j w m f N YEN TOR COANELl-S VAN DEA [ELF Z m r-nsyS DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING A PREFABRICATED BUILDING SECTION OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One object of the invention is to provide a device with which building elements can be manufactured and the elements assembled into a building at the erection site.

One embodiment of the device in accordance with the invention is obtained when a completely displaceable jig of a device is fixed to a supporting structure adapted to move along a guide and coupled with the driving members. Thus the jig can be displaced readily.

The manufacture of a building element by means of the kind set forth herein can'be simplified when the device comprises relatively movable jigs which can be relatively fixed whereby a mold is formed in which the building element can be molded while in the mold between the two jigs, a window frame or other similar member to be formed in the element can be put in place. The frame is fastened to at least one jig by means of members which are discoupled from the molded section, when the jigs are moved away from each other and from the molded element. With this arrangement, the need for loosening the frame window from the jigs is not required.

Loosening the jig parts can be accomplished when the device includes at least two relatively movable jigs which are fixed relative to each other to form a mold in which the building part is assembled to comprise at least two walls at an angle to each other or one wall and one floor and/or an upper side of the building part or section so that the section bounds at least part of the space of the building. The jigs can be removed from the building part being molded and means are provided for displacing at least one or more of the jigs at least substantially at right angles to the molded walls so that the jigs can be loosened from the molded part.

In a further embodiment the invention comprises a supporting member, the upper side of which forms at least part of the jig for the lower side of the floor of the section. The section is thus effectively supported when the jigs are detached from each other and separated. According to a still further aspect, the molded part can be moved away in a simple manner from its place of manufacture by having a conveyor path joining the supporting members, with which it extends over a given distance beyond the jigs, the distance being substantially equal to or larger than the distance over which the jigs extend in the direction of the supporting member. The section can thus be transported beneath the supporting members away from its place of manufacture so that this space becomes available for the molding of the next set of jigs to manufacture a further section.

The invention furthermore relates to a method of manufacturing a part or section used in the erection of a building, in which a mold is formed by a device comprising a plurality of relatively movable jigs. At least one of the jigs is displaceable along a guide by a driving member, while the other jig or jigs can be coupled with the displaceable jig, which the material for molding the section in the resultant mold can be inserted between the jigs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. I is a perspective view of the device embodying the invention, illustrating a building part or section molded in said device.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the device shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a side elevation of the device shown in FIG. 1, viewed in the direction of the arrow III in FIG. 2 including, in addition, the apparatus for applying cast material.

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of part of the device shown in FIG. 1 taken on the line IVIV in FIG. 2, a section molded in the device being shown in part.

FIG. 5 is a side elevation of the control-member for the lower jig of the device shown in FIG. I, viewed in the direction of the line V-V in FIG. 2.

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view of the connection of a pivotable outer jig with a displaceable inner jig taken on the line VI-VI in FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 shows on an enlarged scale a fragmentary vertical sectional view of the support for the section and the draw beam coupled with the section taken on the line VII-VII in FIG. 4.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the delivery unit for the sections.

FIG. 9 is a side elevation of the delivery unit of FIG. 8 viewed in the direction of the arrow IX in FIG. 8.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view in partial section of detail constructions of the inner and outer jigs for forming the roof beams to the section.

FIG. 11 is a side elevation of the details shown in FIG. 10 viewed in the direction of the arrow XI in FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a plan view of part of the feeding mechanism for casting material of the section.

FIG. 13 is an elevation of a structural detail of the device shown in FIGS. 1 to 12.

FIG. 14 is an elevation of the delivery end of the delivery unit in the direction of the arrow XIV in FIG. 8.

FIG. 15 is a plan view of a second embodiment of a device in accordance with the invention corresponding with that of FIG. 2.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of part of the device shown in FIG. 15, viewed in the direction of the arrow XVI in FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 is a plan view of an inner jig of the device shown in FIG. 15 with part of the upper side of the jig broken away.

FIG. 18 shows an enlarged horizontal sectional view which is both broken and fragmentary taken on the line XVIII-- XVIII in FIG. 16.

FIG. 19 is a vertical sectional view of the connection of an inner jig with a supporting structure taken on the line XIX- XIX in FIG. 18.

FIG. 20 shows a further embodiment of the structural detail of FIG. 18.

FIG. 21 is a factory plan for the arrangement of a plurality of devices as shown in any one of the preceding Figures.

FIG. 22 is the plan of a building formed from sections made in a device as shown in any one of the preceding Figures.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the building as shown in FIG. 22.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a building part or section 1 molded from east Prior In this embodiment the section 1 is made of lightweight concrete, but it may also be made of a different kind of concrete or another cast material. The section 1 comprises a floor 2, sidewalls 3 and 4 and a rear wall 5. On the upper side the section 1 has a ceiling wall 6. Between the sidewalls 3 and 4 a partition 7 is provided. The section is formed in a device comprising two inner jigs 8 and 9. The inner jig 8 is fastened to a supporting structure 10 and the inner jig 9 is fastened to a supporting structure 11. The supporting structure 11 comprises two vertical beams 12 and 13, to which struts 14 and 15 consisting of frame works are attached. To the ends of struts 14 and 15 are secured vertical supports 16 and 17. The supports 16 and 17 are vertically displaceable with respect to the struts 14 and 15 by means of screw spindles l8 and 19 respectively. The supporting structure 11 bears on parallel guides 20 and 21 consisting of I-section beams. Two wheels 22 and 23 are provided on the lower sides of the vertical beams 12 and 13 respectively and located between the flanges of guides 20 and 21 respectively. The supports 16 and 17 are provided with wheels 24 and 25, which are also held between the flanges of the guides 20 and 21. The supporting structure 10 for the inner jig 8 is constructed in the same way as the supporting structure 11, so that no further description need be made. The supporting structure 10 bears on guides 26 and 27 in the same way as the supporting structure 11 bears on the guides 20 and 21.

The inner jig 8 comprises two sidewalls 28 and 29 and a rear wall 30. The inner jig 8 has furthermore an upper side 31 and on its lower side, the jig 8 is open. The walls are formed by plates, such as the plate 32 of the rear wall 30, which plates can be stiffened by ribs such as 33 and 34 (FIG. 2). The walls 28 and 29 are inclined towards each other so that near the supporting structure they are spaced away from each other by a larger distance than near the rear wall 30. On the side of the supporting structure 10, the wall 29 has a collar portion 35, and the wall 28 has a collar portion 36 near the supporting structure (FIG. 2). The inner jig 9 is constructed in the same manner as the jig 8 and need not be further described. In FIG. 2, the inner jig 9 is shown inside the section 1, whereas the jig 8 is shown outside the section. The portion 36 and the corresponding portion on the jig 9 have each a length equal to half the width of the partition 7. As an alternative, only one collar having a length equal to or slightly larger than the thickness of the partition 7 may be arranged on one of the jigs 8 or 9.

The parallel guides and 21 are slightly inclined with respect to the guides 26 and 27 as will be apparent from FIG. 2. The included angle 37 between the guides 21 and 26 is about 4. To the supporting structure 10 is fastened an outer jig 38, which pivots about a vertical shaft 39. (FIG. 6). The supporting structure 11 is provided with an outer jig 40, which pivots about a vertical shaft 41, (FIG. 6). The vertical pivotal shaft 41 is formed by two pins 42 and 43, with which tags 44 and 45 of the jig 40 and horizontal beams 46 and 47 of the supporting structure 11 are connected. The outerjig 38 is coupled with the supporting structure 10 in a similar manner. The tags 44 and 45 extend along the collars 36 and 35 on the inner jig 8. The device includes a rear-wall jig 48, which pivots about a horizontal shaft 49. The rear-wall jig 48 is pivoted through struts 50 to the pivotal rods 51, which are hinged to ground plates 52. To the ground plates 52 are hinged cylinders 53, in which a displacer rod 54 is hydraulically movable. The displacer rod 54 is coupled in the hinge 55 between the strut 50 and the pivotal rod 51. Between the two struts 50 a hydraulic control mechanism 56 is positioned for carrying out the displacement of the displacer rods 54 in the cylinders 53. The jig 48 is provided on the upper side with an oblique splash board 57. On the upper side, the jig 48 is provided with four fastening rods 58 having each at one end 59 a hole for receiving a key 60. The ends 59 fit each between upright tags 61 and 62 of the vertical beams such as 12 and 13 of FIG. 1. The ends 59 of the rods are surrounded by supporting blocks 63, which bear on the upper ends of the beams 12 and 13. At the sides, the jig 48 is provided with locking hooks 65 as is shown in FIG. 1. The lateral outer jigs 38 and 40 have locking bolts 64 with which the locking hooks 65 cooperate.

The device includes a bottom jig consisting of two portions 66 and 67. These portions extend parallel to each other throughout the length of distance between the jigs 38 and 40. The jig portions 66 and 67 are fastened to four beams 68 (FIGS. 2 and 5), which extend at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the jib portions 66 and 67. The beam 68 are each hinged through supports 69 to supporting arms 70, which are coupled with tube 71, turnable about its longitudinal axis and extending parallel to the beams 68. As shown, four tubes 71 are coupled through a coupling rod 72 with an adjusting rod 73, located behind the jig wall 48 to actuate the four tubes 71 through a hydraulic mechanism 74 which is not disclosed in detail. The mechanism 74 comprises a cylinder 75, which pivots around the shaft 79 and a coupling rod 76, hinged to the rod 73 and displaceable in the cylinder 75. Around the cylinder 75, a lock bolt 77 is provided to cooperate with the hinge 78 between the rods 76 and 73. The lock bolt 77 pivots around the shaft 79.

The rear-wall jig 48 is provided with laterally projecting pins 80 and 81 which can be inserted into the holes 82 and 83 of the sidewall jig 40. The pins 80 and 81 are provided with holes for receiving pins 84 and 85. On the other side of the jig 48, pins 86 are provided for keys 87, said pins being adapted to be inserted into holes in the jig 38. The pins 86 and the holes in the jig 38 are formed in a similar manner as the pins and 81 and the holes 82 and 83. On the edge facing the supporting structure 11, the inner jig 9 is provided with pins 280 and 283 (FIGS. 3 and 6), which fit in holes of the outerjig 40, for example the hole 281 of FIG. 6. Holes in these pins are adapted to receive keys 282 and 284 respectively.

The jig portions 66 and 67 are arranged between supporting beams 88, 89 and 90. These beams extend parallel to each other and the jig portions 66 and 67 fit almost exactly between these supporting beams. The beam 88 to 90 bear on vertical stands 91, which are provided with feet 92 at the lower ends. The stands 91 are secured by means of struts 93 to the respective supporting beams 88, 89 or 90. The supporting beams 88, 89 and 90 are intercoupled by horizontal beams 94 and 95, which are secured to the respective stands 91. (FIG. 4). The pivotal shaft 49 for the rear-wall jig 48 is arranged on a support 96, secured to the stands 81 for maintaining the correct position relative to the supporting beams 88, 89 and 90. If desired, the foot plates 52 for the pivotal rods 51 and the cylinders 53 can be coupled with the foot plate 96. Along the supporting beam 90, a beam 97 is arranged to join by the bottom side, one side of the upper part of the beam 90. The upper side of the beam 97 is flush with the upper side of the bottom 2 of the section 1. The guides 20 and 21 are arranged on stands 98, provided at the lower end with foot plates 99. The stands 98, on which rails 20 and 21 are arranged, increase in height from the supporting beam 90 towards the ends of the guides 20 and 21 so that the guides 20 and 21 extend obliquely upwards from the supporting beam 90. The supporting beams 26 and 27 are arranged in a similar manner on stands 100 with foot plates 101. At the ends of the guides 20, 21, 26 and 27 remote from the supporting beam 90, driving shafts 102 and 103 are provided. The driving shaft 102 is connected with a driving casing 104 accommodating a transmission which is coupled with an electric motor 105 standing on a foot 106. The ends of the shaft 102 are provided with chain sprockets 107 and 108, around which a claim 109 and 113 respectively is arranged. The chain 109 is guided along a chain sprocket 1 10, fastened to the guide 20. The chain sprocket 110 and the chain 109 are arranged so that the chain 109 together with wheels 22 and 24 can move along when sprocket 107 is rotated along the guide 20. The support 16 is coupled by means ofa bracket 111 and a bolt 112 with the chain 109. In the same manner as specified for the chain 109, the chain 113 is arranged along the guide 21 and the support 17 is connected with the chain 113. In the arrangement described for the supporting structure 11, the supporting structure 10 is coupled with the driving shaft 103 and further details for the supporting structure 10 need not be shown.

The beams 88, 89 and 90 are joined by a conveyor path formed by deliver'y beams 114, 115 and 116 (FIGS. 1 and 8). The beams 114, 115 and 116 are in line with the beams 88 to 90 and are detachably coupled herewith. The beams 114 to 116 bear on stands 117, which are provided at the lower end with foot plates 118. The connection of the stands 117 with the respective beams is reinforced by struts 119. The beams 114 to 116 are intercoupled by horizontal beams, which are secured to the stands 117 and which correspond with the horizontal beams 95 and 94 of FIG. 4.

Along the supporting beams 89 and 115 extends a draw beam 120 (FIGS. 4 and 7). This beam 120 is located on that side of the supporting beams 89 and 115 which faces the beams 88 and 114. The beam 120 can be held by supports secured to the horizontal beams 95. As illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 9, the draw beam 120 is coupled with a claim 121. For coupling the draw beam 120 with the chain 121, the latter is provided with fastening members so that the draw beam 120 can be connected at many places with the chain 121. The chain 121 extends along chain sprockets 122 and 123, which are fastened to the delivery beam 115 or the stands 117 of said beam. The chain sprocket 123 is linked to a driving transmission 124, with which a motor 125 is connected.

The inner jig 9 is provided on the upper side with an upright rim 126. The upright rim 126 projects on the side facing the jig 8 slightly beyond the upper side of the jig over a distance equal to half the thickness of the partition 7. The upright rim 126 is provided on the side facing the outer jig 40 with a collar 128 having a vertical rim 129, an upwardly inclined rim extending away from the jig 9 and a vertical rim 131. The rim 129 is in line with the outer edge of the projecting part 35 of the jig 9. The upright rim 126 is provided with short walls 132, 133 and 134, which join the rims 129, 130 and 131. The walls 132, 133 and 134 together with the upright rim 126 form a trough which is open on the side remote from the upright rim 126. The wall 134 is provided with a fastening tongue 135. The outer jig 40 is provided approximately midway in the direction of width 296 of the jig 40 with a short upright wall 136, an inclined wall 137 and an upright wall 138. The walls 136 to 138 correspond with the walls 132 to 134 of the jig 9. The wall 138 is provided with fastening tongues 139 and 140.

On the inner sides of the inner jigs 8 and 9, vibratory motors are provided as is shown in FIG. 2 for the inner jig 8. Each of the vertical walls, i.e., the walls 28, 30 and 29 are provided with vibratory motors 141, 142 and 143. In the same way, each of the vertical walls of the inner jig 9 has a vibratory motor. Near the rearwall jig 48, a supporting pole 144 (FIG. 3) is provided. This supporting pole projects above the jigs and is provided at the upper end with a projecting arm 145 (FIGS. 3 and 12), which is hinged to the pole 144 by means ofa pivotal shaft 146. The projecting arm 145 consists of two portions 147 and 148, which are pivotally coupled with each other by means of a pivot 149. The supporting arm 145 holds a flexible conveyor hose 150, which is provided near the end of the arm 145 with a suspending portion 151 having an outlet nozzle 152. The conveyor hose is held on the pole 144 by a support 153. From this support 153 the conveyor hose 150 extends along the pole 144 to a pump 154. The outlet nozzle 152 is provided with a steering bar 155 for moving the outletnozzle 152 with respect to the arm 145. The steering bar 155 can be actuated from a platform 156, arranged between the pole 144 and the rear-wall jig 48. The platform 156 has a ladder 157 The device can be used as follows. The lower jig consisting of the portions 66 and 67 is moved to the correct height by the hydraulic mechanism 74 connected with the jig portions 66 and 67 by the rod 73, the tubes 71 and the supporting beams 68. The jig portions 66 and 67 are moved from the position shown in FIG. 4 so that the lower sides of these jig portions join the upper sides of the supporting beams 88, 89 and 90. On either side of the jig portions 66 and 67 the supporting beams 88, 89 and 90 are provided with gutters 158, 159 and 160 of metal or other similar material. These gutters extend over the whole length of the jigs 66 and 67. Then the inner jigs 8 and 9 are put in position by displacing the supporting structures 10 and 1 1 in the direction of the arrow 161. These inner jigs then arrive in the positions as shown in FIG. 2 for the jig 9 and in FIG. 3 for the two jigs 8 and 9. In this position the upright rims of the jigs 8 and 9 are aligned. For example, the upright rims 126 of the jigs 8 and 9 come into contact with each other. Between the jigs 8 and 9 a space is left intended for making the partition 7. After the jigs 8 and 9 are set in position, the rearwall jig 48 is moved into the correct vertical position, after which the outer jigs 38 and 40 are turned about their pivotal shafts and connected at their ends with the jig 48 by locking bolts 64. The rods 58 on the upper side of the jigs 48 are received upright tags 61 and 62 of beams 12 and 13, after which the rods 58 is secured in position relative to the jigs 8 and 9 by keys, for example, key 60. The blocks 63 are slipped on the ends 59 of the rods 58 and get in between the keys 60 and the upper ends of the beams 12 and 13. The jigs 38 and 40 can be fastened to the rear-wall jig 48 by keys, for example, keys 84 and 85 (FIG. 3). It will be apparent that the order of succession of the operations for arranging the jigs in the position in which the mold is ready for casting the section 1 may be different from the foregoing.

When the jigs are in the above-described position, the material to be used for the section 1 can be cast in the mold formed. In this embodiment the section is made of cast concrete. The material to be supplied, for example, concrete, is conveyed via the pump 154 and the feeding hose 150 to the mold. The feeding hose 150 can be actuated from the platform 156 by means of the steering bar 155. A switch or other control member can be provided for the pump 154 on the platform. With bar 155, the delivery nozzle 152 can be moved to different places above the jigs for casting the material at the desired places. The walls to be formed, such as the walls 3, 4, 5, and 7, are filled from the upper side. The material for the floor 2 can, if desired, be fed via the lower side of the walls and be smoothed on the inner side of the inner jigs. This can be readily carried out, since the inner jigs 8 and 9 are open on the bottom side. Between the jig portions 66 and 67 the ribs 162, 163 and 164 are formed on the bottom side of the floor 2. The jig portions 66 and 67 are furthermore shaped in a form such that transverse ridges such as 165 and 166 (FIG. 7) are formed between the ribs 162, 163 and 164. The ridge 164 is formed between a jig portion 67 and the front beam 97, while the ridge 162 is arranged between the rearwall jig 48 and the jig 66. After the jig portions 66 and 67 are put in their places, the floor 2 can, as an alternative, be cast for the major part, for example, of concrete, after which the inner jigs 8 and 9 and the outer jigs 38, 40 and 48 are arranged in their places and interconnected, the walls being subsequently cast.

To include a window frame 167 in the wall 3, the frame 167 can be fastened to the jig 40, when the mold is made from the various jig portions. For this purpose the jig 40 may be provided with pins 168, 169, 170 and 171. These pins may be driven into the window frame, which can be wood. It is possible to use double-headed nails as shown in F IG. 13. The end 290 can then be driven by the jig into the frame, while the portion 291 between the head 293 and the stop 292 remains outside the jig and afterwards can be drawn out of the frame and the jig. As an alternative, a pin may be used, which breaks off at the separation between frame and jig when the jig is removed when the section is molded. As a further alternative, these pins can be provided on the jig 40 so that they are accurately located in the comers on the inner side of the frame 167 so that the frame 167 fits around the pins 168 to 171. The frame is then completely enclosed between the inner jig 9, the outer jig 40 and around the pins 168 to 171. After the section has been cast, the pins 168 to 171 fastened to the jig 40 are automatically removed from the frame when the jig 40 is turned away and no special operations are required for this purpose. The frame can have anchors embedded in the material so that a satisfactory anchorage of the frame in the cast material is ensured. After the floor 2 with the ridges and the walls 3, 4, 5 and 7 have been filled, the upper side of the section 1 can be formed by casting the upper side 6 on the jig portions 8 and 9. The upper side can be cast so that it is formed by the upper rims of the jigs 38, 40 and 48. Subsequently, or prior to casting of the concrete, boardings can be provided by forming the roof beams 172 and 173. The roof beam 172 is formed between the upright rims 126 and the collars 128 formed at the ends thereof with the walls 137 to 139 and a boarding 174, which can be secured to the fastening tongues 135 of the wall 134 of the inner jigs 8 and 9 by means of a pin 285 and a key 286. In the roof beams 172 and 173 wooden girders can be embedded so that afterwards a roof can be secured readily. These wooden girders can have a width slightly smaller than the width of the roof beams 172 and 173 and they can have anchors. The wooden girders are cut to size with respect to casting of the material in the mold formed between the boardings. On either side of the wall 138, boardings 175 and 176 are fastened to the fastening tongues 139 and 140 of the inner walls 8 and 9 by means of a pin 287', which is taken through the two tongues 139 and 140 and through keys 288 and 289. The beams 172 and 173 are formed by filling the mold between said boardings and the upright rims and walls of the inner jigs 8 and 9. The inner jig 8 is provided for this purpose with projecting wall portions equivalent to those shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 for the jig 9. The splash screen facilitates filling the space between the rear-walljig 48 and the jigs 8 and 9 with cast material, and it is not likely that cast material will reach the outside of the rear-wall jig 48. In order to ensure satisfactory filling of the walls, vibratory motors 141, 142 and 143 may be provided on the inner sides of the jigs 8 and 9. In this way the section 1 shown in FIG. 1 is obtained.

When the cast material has sufficiently hardened, the jigs can be moved away from each other. For this purpose the keys 60, 84, 85 and the locking bolt 64 are removed. These keys have the advantage that they cannot be soiled seriously during use. Then the rear-wall jig 48 is turned away into the position shown in FIG. 1. The rear-wall jig is moved into the position shown in FIG. 1 by extending the sliding rod 54 out of the cylinder 53 by means of the hydraulic control mechanism 56. The lateral jigs 38 and 40 are then turned about their pivotal shafts 39 and 41. The first the partitions 175 and 176 will be loosened. The jig portions 48, 40 and 38 and 66, 67 are thus moved in a direction at least substantially at right angles to the walls formed in the respective jig portions, when they are removed from the molded section. Then the locks of the inner jigs 8 and 9 can be loosened, these locking connections comprising an abutting cam 177 on each guide 20, 21, 26 and 27 and lock bolts 177a, fastened to the supporting structures 10 and 11 so as to be rotatable. After the lock bolts 177a are removed from the cams 177, the supporting structures 10 and 11 with the inner jigs 8 and 9 and the outer jigs 38 and 39 are displaced along the guides 20, 21, 26 and 27 in a direction opposite the arrow 161. This displacement can be carried out by means of the motors 105. These motors move the chains 109, 113 and the corresponding chains of the supporting structure 10 so that the supporting structures 10 and 11 are moved along the guides in a direction opposite the arrow 161. The boarding 174 is removed from the roof beam 172 formed on the upper side of the section, after it has been released from the innerjigs 8 and 9, before the latter are displaced.

By means of the hydraulic mechanism 74, the jig portions 66 and 67 are moved downwards so that they arrive at the positions shown in FIG. 1. The section 1 thus made in the mold formed between said jigs then bears by the ridges 162, 163 and 164 on the supporting beams 88, 89 and 90. The gutters 158, 159 and 160 are cemented to these ridges 162 to 164. For establishing a satisfactory connection of these gutters with the ridges, the gutters may be provided with pins extending in the ridges. For stiffening the section, reinforcing can be used, if desired, prior to casting of the material in the spaces between the various jigs so that subsequent to casting, the reinforcing is embedded in the cast material. The removal of the inner jigs 8 and 9 can be readily carried out because the guides and 23 are slightly inclined relative to the guides 26 and 27, whereas the outer sides of the jigs 8 and 9 and the outer jigs 38 and 40 are positioned so that the walls 3 and 4 diverge in a direction opposite the arrow 161. The removal of the jigs 8 and 9 from the molded section 1 will thus involve a release from the walls 3, 4 and 7.

When the molded section 1 is completely free of the jigs and has sufficiently hardened, a conveyor beam 178 can be fastened to the draw beam 120. This conveyor beam 178 (FIGS. 4 and 7) is located on the upper side by an opening around the projection of the roof beam 173 and if necessary secured to the section. The lower end is coupled by means ofa pin 180 with the draw beam 120. The draw beam 120 is arranged above the jig 66 and connected with the chain 121. Then the draw beam can be displaced by the motor 125, the transmission 124 and the chain 121 in the direction of the arrow 181. The section 1 will thus be displaced along the supporting beams 88, 89 and 90 and the delivery beams 114, 115 and 116 joining the former in the direction of the arrow 181. It will be obvious that in order to be able to displace the section 1 in the direction of the arrow 181, i.e., at right angles to the direction in which the jigs 8 and 9 can be displaced, the inner jigs 8 and 9 with the outer jigs 38 and 40 must be displaced over a distance equal to the width 296 of the jig 40. This is matched by the length 297 of the guides 20, 21, 26 and 27. The width 296 depends upon the'desired width of the section to be made by means of the device. For transport purposes, width 298 of the section will be about 250 cms. An easy removal of the inner jigs from the molded section can also be obtained by a releasing movement of the upper sides of the inner jigs 8 and 9 from the inner side of the upper wall 6 of the section. This can be achieved by causing the roof wall 6 and the upper sides of the jigs 8 and 9 to incline in the direction 161, i.e., opposite the direction in which the jigs are removed from the section at an angle to the direction of movement of the section. In order to prevent the lower side of the rear walls 32 of the jigs 8 and 9 from scraping along the upper side of the floor 2 of the molded section, the jigs 8 and 9 are moved upwardly at an angle of a few degrees, for example 4, when the floor 2 is horizontal in the mold formed by the jigs, in the direction opposite the arrow 161. The guides 20, 21, 26 and 27 are therefore arranged at said angle to the horizontal. The roof 6 will therefore incline downwards with the upper sides of the inner jigs at an angle of, for example, 7 at a minimum in the direction of the arrow 161. The ceiling wall 6 will therefore be inclined with the upper sides of the inner jigs at an angle of, for example, 7 at the least in the direction of the arrow 161.

After the molded section 1 is removed by displacing it along the supporting beams with the gutters 158, 159 and 160, the material of which is such that the section can readily slide along the beams, the jigs can again be joined to each other so that a mold is again formed to make a further section. The jigs 8 and 9 can again be displaced by the motors in the direction of the arrow 161. The motors are reversible electric motors in order to move the jigs both in the direction 161 and in the opposite direction. In order to remove the section 1 completely from the jigs, the conveyor path formed by the beams 114, and 116 with the portion 300 of the supporting beams will preferably have at least the same length as the length 299 of the section. The length 299 in this embodiment is about 750 cms. This length can, however, be varied to suit transport factors and the size of the desired building to be formed from one or more sections. The displacement of the sections along the supporting beams 88, 89, 90 and 114 to 116 can be readily carried out by means of the draw beam 120. The draw beam and the conveyor beam 178 are located on either side of the center in the direction of width 182 of the section.

Since the molded section is completely open on the side opposite the wall 5, the vertical plane 183 containing the longitudinal center of gravity is located at the side of the dimensional center in the direction of width 182 of the section. The conveyor beam is located, viewed from the center, further towards the side of the plane 183 (FIG. 4) so that when a force is exerted on the section for shifting it in the direction 181 along the supporting beam it will not draw the section obliquely along said beams. In order to avoid an oblique shift of the section guide members 184 and 185 (FIG. 2) may be provided on the distal sides of the beams 114 and 116. These guide members have their upper sides on a slightly higher level than the upper sides of the beams 114 and 116.

The whole arrangement comprising the various jigs, guides and supporting beams is completely located above the ground and can be held on the ground by means of the foot plates, such as 92 and 99, while the various parts can be intercoupled for fixing their correction relative positions. The space above the ground is so large that the lower jigs 66 and 67 can be readily moved up and down, i.e., at right angles to the bottom 2. The arrangement need not be fixed to a floor, for example, of concrete.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 13 the jigs 8 and 9 form each a unit. For obtaining a satisfactory release of the jigs it is desirable for the walls such as 3 and 4 to be inclined to each several degrees, for example, about 8.

FIGS. to 19 showa further embodiment in which the inner jigs have a construction slightly differing from that of the first embodiment. The parts illustrated in FIGS. 15 to 19 corresponding with the parts sown in FIGS. 1 to 14 are not shown in detail in this second embodiment and they are designated by the same reference numerals. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 15 to 19 beams 186 and 18611 are arranged for example on the supporting structure 11 near the beams 46 and 47. The beam 186 comprises two portions 187 and 188. The portions 187 and 188 are slidably coupled with the side walls 199 and 200 by means of bearings 301, which are pivoted to the supporting structure by means of pivotal shafts 304. The portions 187 and 188 are interconnected by a bar 189, which is provided at the center with a control member 190, on either side of which the screw spindle is provided with opposite screwthreads 191 and 193. The screwthread 191 is screwed into a tube 192, fastened to the portion 188, and the screwthread 193 is screwed into a tapper sleeve 194 connected with the portion 187 of the beam 186. The beam 186a is constructed like the beam 186 from two portions 195 and 196, which are coupled in the same manner with the sidewalls 199 and 200 and are interconnected as is described for the beam 186. An inner jig 197 is arranged on the beams 186 and 186a. This inner jig 197 has an upper side 198, two sidewalls 199 and 200 and a rear wall 201. The sidewall 199 is connected with the portions 187 and 195 of the beams 186 and 186a, whereas the sidewall 200 is connected with the portion 188 and 196 respectively.

The sidewalls 199 and 200 are hinged to the rear wall 201, the sidewall 199 being adapted to turn about the pivotal shaft 202 and the sidewall 200 about the pivotal shaft 203. These pivotal shafts 202 and 203 are located substantially in the plane of the rear wall 201. The upper wall 198 is rigidly fixed to the wall 201 and bears on supports 206 and 207, fastened to the sidewalls 199 and 200, the upper wall 198 having sides 204 and 205 slightly tapering towards the beams 186 and 186a, while the supports 206 and 207 on the upper sides of the walls 199 and 200 have such a width that the re-entrant sides 204 and 205 are always sufficiently held by the upper sides of the supports 206 and 207.

The supporting structure 10 is provided with an inner jig 208, which is formed in the same manner as the jig 197 and is fastened to the supporting structure 10 in the same way as is described for the jig 197 on the supporting structure 11. The outer jigs 38 and 40 are fastened to the supporting structures 10 and 11 in the same way as is describe in the first embodiment. The jigs 197 and 208 have substantially the same dimensions as the jigs 8 and 9. When the section is molded as described with reference to the first embodiment, the inner jigs 197 and 208 can be loosened as follows.

The inner jig 197 can be readily loosened from the cast section by turning the control members 190 so that the portions 187 and 188 move towards each other like the portions 195 and 196 of the beams 186 and 186a. Since the control member 190 is coupled by a chain 302 with a chain sprocket between the beam portions 195 and 196, the two portions of the beams 186 and 186a will move synchronously. The walls 199 and 200 will thus turn about their pivotal shafts 202 and 203 so that they move towards each other approximately at right angles from the wall molded on them. The sidewalls 199 and 200 of the inner jig 197 will thus be loosened from the walls. Then, as is described with reference to the first embodiment, the inner jig and the outer jig can be displaced along the guides for removing the inner jig from the molded section. It will be obvious that in this embodiment the walls such as 3 and 4 need not be inclined to each other over a small angle. The walls 3 and 4 may extend substantially parallel to each other. A very small inclination may be useful for sliding the rear wall 201 from between the walls. An angle of, for example, 2 is sufficient. The guides 20 and 21 may be arranged accordingly substantially parallel to the guides 26 and 27.

In this embodiment, the motors 105 for the supporting structure 11 and the corresponding motor of the supporting structure 10 are replaced by reversible, hydraulic motors 209 and 210 respectively. These hydraulic motors may communicate through ducts 211 and 212 with a hydraulic system of the mechanisms 74 and 56 (FIGS. 2 and 3). Although in the second embodiment the portions 188 and 18 of the beam can be moved by manual force with the aid of the screw spindle 189 towards or away from one another. This may also be performed hydraulically. Especially in the latter embodiment, in which a hydraulic system is available, a hydraulic cylinder with ducts can be arranged between the portions of the beams 186 and 186a so that the two portions of the beams 186 and 186a can be moved through hydraulic mechanisms towards each other or away from each other. It will be obvious that after a section has been molded in the last-mentioned embodiment, the walls 199 and 200 can be reset into their correct positions for the manufacture of a next section.

FIG. 20 illustrates a control coupling 203 between the beam portions 187 and 188 without a chain or a chain sprocket as in FIG. 18. If the mechanisms for slipping the beam portions 186 and 186a in and out are not coupled with each other by a chain, each beam can be provided with a coupling as shown in FIG. 20. The method of fastening the inner jigs to the supporting structures as shown in FIG. 16 can, in principle, be employed with jigs such as 8 and 9 forming each a unit. In the latter case, it may be sufficient to have the sidewalls, for example, 28 and 29 (FIG. 2) slightly resiliently movable with respect to the other walls so that they can be slightly drawn towards each other.

FIG. 21 shows a plan for an industrial plant of a plurality of devices of the kind shown in FIGS. 1 to 20. FIG. 21 illustrates ten devices 213 to 222 arranged side by side. Above these devices a feeding tube 224 extends from a pump or a similar mechanism 225 for conveying the cast material towards the last device 222 of the row. The mechanism 225 can be a concrete pump, when the sections are made of cast concrete. Above each device the duct 224 has a double arm 226 which can be regulated in the same manner as is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 12 for the arm 145. For this purpose a platform 227 is arranged behind each device. This is shown for the device 214 in FIG. 21. The device 213 is provided with a conveyor path 228 for the delivery of the sections from the device. This conveyor path corresponds with the supporting beams 114 to 116. The conveyor path 228 extends over a length 229 from the device 213 so that a great number of molded sections can be held thereon. The sections can be displaced by a draw beam such as the draw beam 120, which is coupled with a delivery mechanism extending over the whole length 229 and comprising a circulating chain. For displacing a section along the conveyor path 228 the draw beam can be provided with a draw hook, such as the draw hook comprised of conveyor beam 178 by which the section concerned can be shifted along the supporting beams.

In accordance with the strength of the chain, two or more sections at will can be shifted simultaneously along the path 228. The path 228 has a length 229 such that, for example, over the distance 231 nine sections can be arranged one after the other. Over the part 231 a spraying system may be arranged above the path 228, which system is formed by the tubes 230. This spraying system may be particularly useful in dry locations in order to avoid an excessively rapid drying of the sections, which are preferably kept humid. The wetting system may extend over the whole block within the length 231 of the conveyor paths joining the devices 213 to 223. On the part 232 each section may then be further finished for accommodating ducts, sanitary, doors and windows and if desired, for placing further partitions. In this embodiment six sections can be put over the distance 232, the finishing operations starting, for example, at the section 233 and being completely achieved at the end of the path so that in this embodiment the section 234, located at the end of the path 228 is completely finished and can be picked up from the path, for example, by a transport van 235 (FIG. 14). The transport van 235 is provided for this purpose with a loading surface 236, which is located at the same level as the conveyor paths 228.

In order to obtain an easy control of the displacement of the sections throughout the length 229 by means of the delivery mechanisms a great number of switches 237 may be provided so that at any point of the path 229, the delivery mechanism, such as a conveyor chain with the draw beam fastened thereto, can be actuated. It will be obvious that the draw beam has to be detached from the chain and has to be rearranged in the direction of the arrow 238, when it has been displaced to an extent such that it can no longer move with the chain or when a further section has to be coupled with the draw beam. It is sufficient for the draw beam to have a length not greatly exceeding the length 299 of the section. The draw beam may also have such a length as corresponds to the lengths of four or five consecutive sections. Then a plurality of conveyor beams such as 178 can be fastened to the draw beam which extends throughout the length 229.

Over the distance 232 working tables and stores of materials 239 can be arranged at the side of the sections on the path 228 for finishing the sections. On the other side than that of the conveyor path 228 stores 240 may be arranged at the side of the devices 213 to 222 for making reinforcing networks ready for being arranged in the mold bounded by the jigs so that the floors, walls and the upper sides of the sections can, if desired, be made of reinforced concrete. At the side of the working positions 240 a supply store 241 may be arranged.

The pump 225 can communicate with a concrete machine 242, on either side of which reservoirs 243 and 244 are arranged which contain adjuvants for the concrete. The machine can furthermore have reservoirs 245 for cement and 246 for water and operations can be carried out at the side of a cement factory. If, for example, each day a section is made in the device, all sections can be displaced by one position every day. In the factory of the plan illustrated in FIG. 21, the invention permits the making of a great number of sections, which can be interconnected at the building site to erect a building. The manufactured sections allow the erection ofa building as is shown by way of example in FIGS. 22 and 23.

The building shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 comprises three sections 247, 248 and 249, all of them having the same basic shape. The section 247 has a rear wall 250, sidewalls 251 and 252 and a partition 253. These walls may be compared with the walls 5, 3, 4, 7 in FIG. 1. In this section, the walls 251 are provided with a large frame for doors 254, whereas the wall 252 is provided with a window 255. The wall 253 has a door 256. It will be obvious that prior to casting the frames for these openings in the walls may be arranged in plane in the manner corresponding to fastening of the window frame 167 in FIG. 1, described above. The frames are thus arranged at the desired heights in the jigs. The section 248 has a rear wall 257, sidewalls 258, 259 and a partition 260 which correspond with the walls 5, 3, 4 and 7 respectively of FIG. 1. When the section 248 is cast, frames are arranged in the rear wall for the door 261 and the windows 262 and 263. Prior to casting, the sections with frames for doors and windows at different places the jig walls concerned can be provided with fastening places for pins so that the required frames for windows and doors in the walls can be fastened to the jigs so that they remain at the correct places in the jigs during casting.

The fastening places for the pins such as the pins 168 to 171 in FIG. 1 can be such that a great variety of disposition of the frames in the jigs is provided. After casting the basic form of the section 248 the partitions 264 and 265 may be provided with doors 266 and 267 respectively during the further finishing operations. During the finishing operations the space 268, which serves as a kitchen, may be provided with the kitchen outfit 269. The space 270, serving as a toilet and a bathroom, may accommodate the required sanitary during the finish of the section. The wall 271 may also be arranged in the section 248 during its finish. The cupboards 272 within, since they fall beyond the main sizes of the section, may be fastened in the building on the site. During finishing of the sections the required fastening points may be provided for these cupboards. It will be obvious that the section 249 also corresponds to the main shape illustrated in FIG. 1, while the rear wall 273 corresponds with the wall 5, whereas the walls 274, 275 and 276 correspond with the walls 3, 4 and 7 of FIG. I in section 1. Although FIGS 22 and 23 show a building comprising three sections manufactured in the device shown in the preceding Figure, a building may as an alternative be formed from only two sections or more than three sections.

The basic shape of each section can comprise three short walls with a rear wall and upper and lower sides. In the section 247 the wall 277 is also arranged in the section during the finishing operations. The completely prefabricated sections can be transported from the factory to the building site, where the sections are put in place and fastened to each other.

For fastening the sections to each other, precautions can be taken during the manufacture to form short, projecting ridges through which bolts can be taken. The sections can thus be arranged on a fiat strip of ground or on a concrete or tile surface. In this manner, the buildings can be manufactured rapidly and cheaply since they are composed of sections having the same basic shape. It will be apparent, however, that the devices shown in FIGS. 1 to 21 may be slightly modified so that a different basic shape of the section results. If desired, the factory shown in FIG. 21 can manufacture half of the number of devices or a different number, for example, in the ten devices, for a different basic shape of a section than shown. Then a building can be erected from sections of a different basic shape so that the distribution of the space in the building can be obtained as desired by using different sections.

What is claimed is:

1. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section that forms at least part of a building, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least two movable jigs, said movable jigs being fixable in relative positions to form a mold for easting a section having at least two opposite wall surfaces at a relatively small angle to each other, whereby said wall surfaces have a diverging relationship transport means for at least one of said jigs whereby said one jig is displaceable as a whole, said transport means including driving members and horizontal guide means, said one jig being coupled with said driving members for displacing said one jig horizontally along said guide means with respect to a second jig in a relatively opposite direction whereby said one and said second jigs are moved horizontally directly towards each other in the direction of said divergence of said wall surfaces or away from each other in a direction opposite said divergence.

2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said one jig is fastened to a supporting structure that is movable along said guide means, said supporting structure being coupled to said driving members.

3. A device as claimed in claim 2, wherein said guide means includes a plurality of guides, said supporting structure is movable along said plurality of guides and is coupled with conveyor means associated with said driving members and said conveyor means extends at least partly along said guides.

4. A device as claimed in claim 3, wherein said conveyor means comprises a chain which coextends along said guide.

5. A device as claimed in claim 4, wherein one of said guides is substantially horizontal and at least part of said supporting structure is associated with lifting means to be vertically movable with respect to said horizontal guide.

6. A device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said driving members include a reversible electric motor and said motor is coupled through transmission members with said conveyor means.

7. A device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said driving members include a reversible hydraulic motor, and said motor is coupled with said conveyor members.

8. A device as claimed in claim 7, wherein two displaceable jigs are drivingly mounted in said device, each of said jigs being independently coupled with said driving members.

9. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least three movable jigs, said movable jigs being fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting a section having at least two wall surfaces at an angle to each other, whereby said section forms an enclosure part for a portion of the building, at least two of said jigs being each displaceable as a whole, said two jigs each being independently coupled with driving members that displace each of said two jigs with respect to a third jig in a relatively opposite direction whereby each of said two jigs are relatively moved directly towards or away from said third jig, said two jigs each being fastened to a supporting structure that is movable along guide means including a plurality of guides, said supporting structures being coupled with conveyor means associated with said driving members, said conveyor means extending at least partly along said guides and comprising a chain which coextends along said guides, said driving members including reversible motors which are coupled to said conveyor means, one of said displaceable jigs being an inner jig located in the space of the building section to be molded, an outer jig being pivotally fastened to said inner jig and said outer jig joining, on the side facing said supporting structure, a projecting rim extending beyond said inner jig.

10. A device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the side of said inner jig opposite the latters fastening area to said supporting structure, has a rear-wall jig rotatably positioned with respect to said inner jig, said rear-wall jig being located on the upper side of said device with a guide plate for receiving the casting material.

11. A device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the side facing said outer jig is pivotally fastened to said supporting structure, said inner jig having pins with holes to be received in openings in said outer jig, said holes being positioned to receive keys.

12. A device as claimed in claim 10, wherein a fastening member is connected to the side of said pivotable outer jig positioned adjacent said rear-wall jig, said fastening member cooperating with a further fastening member provided on said rear-walljig.

13. A device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the fastening members on said pivotable outer jig and on said rear-wall jig are are means and a clamping hook respectively.

14. A device as claimed in claim 12, wherein outer projections with key holes are provided on the side of said rear-wall jig which cooperates with said pivotable outer jig, said projections interfitting and cooperating with openings in said outer 15. A device as claimed in claim 12, wherein said inner jig has an upright rim on the upper part of its side facing said supporting structure with a collar that extends beyond said inner jig, an open mold being formed on said inner rims side away from said upright rim, and said mold having fastening means for holding a boarding.

16. A device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the upper side of said pivotable outer jig is provided with a collar member having fastening members for fixing a boarding.

17. A device as claimed in claim 16, wherein said collar member extends obliquely upwards from said outer jig towards the side opposite the side of said inner jig.

18. A device as claimed in claim 12, wherein said inner jig is movable in a substantially horizontal direction.

19. A device as claimed in claim 18, wherein said outer jig is pivotally mounted on said device by a pivotal shaft and said shaft is substantially normal to the direction of movement of said inner jig.

20. A device as claimed in claim 19, wherein said outer jig is pivotable about a substantially vertical shaft.

21. A device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a bottom supporting member is mounted in said device, the upper side of said supporting member comprising at least part of a jig for the lower side of the bottom of the cast section.

22. A device as claimed in claim 21, wherein said supporting member is comprised of at least one supporting beam, the upper sides of said beam forming at least part of a jig for molding the section.

23. A device as claimed in claim 22, wherein said supporting beam extends in a direction substantially normal to the direction of movement of said inner jig.

24. A device as claimed in claim 23, wherein said supporting beam extends substantially in a horizontal direction.

25. A device as claimed in claim 24, wherein said jig for the lower side has vertically movable jig parts for the bottom floor of said section to be cast, said jig parts being arranged between beams of said supporting member.

26. A device for the manufacture of a prefabricated section forming part of a building, said device comprising at least two relatively movable jigs which can be fixed with respect to one another to define a mold, said mold having a configuration to make a section which includes a plurality of walls arranged at an angle to each other so that said section is designed to enclose at least part of the space of a building, said jigs being removable from the molded section and being associated with moving means that moves at least one of said jigs at substantially right angles to the molded section to release said jigs, said jigs including at least one inner jig and at least one outer jig associated with the outer side of said inner jig, said outer jig being turnable relative to said inner jig, said inner jig having displaceable parts which are movable at substantially right angles to the molded walls to loosen said jigs from the molded section.

27. A device as claimed in claim 26, said inner jig having at least two walls movable relative to each other in a direction at right angles to the wall of a section formed in said mold whereby said jig can be released by drawing the inner walls of said jig towards each other.

28. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building and includes two opposite walls diverging in one direction, a third wall connecting said opposite walls at their ends which are nearest to one another, and an open side at the ends where the opposite sides are farthest from one another, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least two movable jigs which are fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting said section, whereby said section forms an enclosure part for a space of the building, at least one of said jigs being an inner jig and being displaceable as a whole substantially horizontally in a direction to which said opposite walls diverge relative to one another and over a distance equal to or larger than the length of said opposite walls, said inner jig being coupled with driving members which displace said inner jig with respect to a second of said jigs in relatively opposite direction, whereby said one and said second jig are moved directly towards or away from each other.

29. A device as claimed in claim 28, wherein said second jig is turnably mounted in said device about an axis which lies along the lower side of said second jig.

30. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building and includes a bottom side and an upper side, two opposite walls diverging in one direction, a third wall connecting said opposite walls at one end thereof, and an open side opposite to said third wall, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least two movable jigs, said two jigs being fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting said section, said device further comprising a bottom jig on the upper side of which the bottom side of the section can be formed, said bottom jig being movable up and down by driving members, a further jig being turnable about a side thereof so as to form one side to which can form the third wall of the said section, an inner jig having an upper side and three wall sides being displaceable as a whole over a distance which is equal or larger than the length of said opposite walls, said inner jig being open at its lower side, said inner jig being coupled by supporting members to which are adjustably connected to side jigs, said inner jig and said two side jigs being coupled with driving members that displace said inner jig with respect to said further jig in a relatively opposite direction whereby said inner jig and said further jig are moved directly towards or away from each other.

31 A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building, said section including two opposite walls diverging in one direction and an intermediate wall between said opposite walls, a third wall connecting said three walls, and an open side at a side opposite to said third wall, said section further including a bottom side and an upper side, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including two movable inner jigs which are displaceable each as a whole over a guiding means in said device, a bottom jig below the bottom side of said section and side jigs to form the outer sides of said two opposite and third walls, said inner jigs each being displaceable in a horizontal direction over a distance which is at least equal to the length of the said two opposite walls, said bottom jigs being movable up and downwards whereas said side jigs are turnable in said device about an axis along one of their sides, and fixing means to fix said jigs in relatively fixed position to form a mold for casting said section.

32. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building, said device comprising a plurality ofjigs including at least two movable jigs, which are fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting a section having at least two wall surfaces at an angle to each other, whereby said section forms an enclosure part for a space of the building, at least one of said jigs being an inner jig located in the space of the building section to be molded, said inner jig being displaceable as a whole, an outer jig being pivotally fastened to said innerjig, whereby said outerjig is displaceable with said inner jig, a further jig being provided, said inner jig being coupled with driving members which displace said inner jig in an opposite direction relative to said further jig whereby said inner jig and said furtherjig are moved directly towards or away from each other.

32. A device as claimed in claim 32, wherein said innerjig is fastened to a supporting structure which is movable along guide means, said outer jig joining on the side facing of said supporting structure a projecting rim extending beyond said inner jig.

34. A device for the manufacture of a prefabricated section forming at least part of a building, said device comprising at least two relatively movable jigs which can be fixed with respect to one another to define a mold, said mold having a configuration to make a section which includes a plurality of walls arranged at an angle to each other so that said section is defined to enclose part of the space of a building, said jigs being removable from the molded section and being associated with moving means which moves at least one of said jigs at substantially right angles to the molding section to release said jigs, said jigs include at least one inner jig and at least one outer jig which is associated with the outer side of said inner jig, said outer jig being displaceable relative to said inner jig, said inner jig having displaceable parts which are movable at substantially right angles to the molded walls to loosen said jigs from the molded section.

35. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building and includes a bottom side, an upper side, two opposite walls, a third wall connecting said opposite walls, and an open side opposite to said third wall, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least two movable jigs which are fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting said section, said device further comprising a bottom jig on the upper side of which the bottom side of the section can be formed, said bottom jig being movable up and down by driving members, a further jig being turnable about a side thereof so as to form one side to which can form a third wall of the said section, an inner jig having an upper side and three wall sides being displaceable as a whole over a distance which is equal or larger than the length of said opposite walls, said inner jig being open at its lower side, said inner jig being coupled by supporting members to which are adjustably connected two side jigs, whereby said inner jig and said two jigs are coupled with driving members that displace said inner jig with respect to said further jig in a relatively opposite direction whereby said inner ig and said further ig are moved directly towards or away from each other, said inner jig having displaceable parts which are movable at substantially right angles to the molded walls to loosen said jigs from the molded section.

36. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building and includes two opposite walls, a third wall connecting said opposite walls at ends thereof, and an open side at the opposite of that third wall, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least two movable jigs which are fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting said section, whereby said section forms an enclosure part of a space of the building, at least one of said jigs being an inner jig and being displaceable as a whole substantially horizontally in a direction which is at least substantially parallel to said opposite walls, said inner jig being displaceable over a distance equal or larger than the length of said opposite walls, said inner jig having displaceable parts which are movable at substantially right angles to the molded walls to loosen said inner jig from the molded section, said inner jig being coupled with driving members that displace said inner jig with respect to a second jig in relatively opposite direction, whereby said inner jig and said other movable jig are moved directly towards or away from each other. 

1. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section that forms at least part of a building, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least two movable jigs, said movable jigs being fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting a section having at least two opposite wall surfaces at a relatively small angle to each other, whereby said wall surfaces have a diverging relationship transport means for at least one of said jigs whereby said one jig is displaceable as a whole, said transport means including driving members and horizontal guide means, said one jig being coupled with said driving members for displacing said one jig horizontally along said guide means with respect to a second jig in a relatively opposite direction whereby said one and said second jigs are moved horizontally directly towards each other in the direction of said divergence of said wall surfaces or away from each other in a direction opposite said divergence.
 2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said one jig is fastened to a supporting structure that is movable along said guide means, said supporting structure being coupled to said driving members.
 3. A device as claimed in claim 2, wherein said guide means includes a plurality of guides, said supporting structure is movable along said plurality of guides and is coupled with conveyor means associated with said driving members and said conveyor means extends at least partly along said guides.
 4. A device as claimed in claim 3, wherein said conveyor means comprises a chain which coextends along said guides.
 5. A device as claimed in claim 4, wherein one of said guides is substantially horizontal and at least part of said supporting structure is associated with lifting means to be vertically movable with respect to said horizontal guide.
 6. A device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said driving members include a reversible electric motor and said motor is coupled through transmission members with said conveyor means.
 7. A device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said driving members include a reversible hydraulic motor, and said motor is coupled with said conveyor members.
 8. A device as claimed in claim 7, wherein two displaceable jigs are drivingly mounted in said device, each of said jigs being independently coupled with said driving members.
 9. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least three movable jigs, said movable jigs being fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting a section having at least two wall surfaces at an angle to each other, whereby said section forms an enclosure part for a portion of the building, at least two of said jigs being each displaceable as a whole, said two jigs each being independently coupled with driving members that displace each of said two jigs with respect to a third jig in a relatively opposite direction whereby each of said two jigs are relatively moved directly towards or away from said third jig, said two jigs each being fastened to a supporting structure that is movable along guide means including a plurality of guides, said supporting structures being coupled with conveyor means associated with said driving members, said conveyor means extending at least partly along said guides and comprising a chain which coextends along said guides, said driving members including reversible motors which are coupled to said conveyor means, one of said displaceable jigs being an inner jig located in the space of the building section to be molded, an outer jig being pivotally fastened to said inner jig and said outer jig joining, on the side facing said supporting structure, a projecting rim extending beyond said inner jig.
 10. A device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the side of said inner jig opposite the latter''s fastening area to said supporting structure, has a rear-wall jig rotatably positioned with respect to said inner jig, said rear-wall jig being located on the upper side of said device with a guide plate for receiving the casting material.
 11. A device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the side facing said outer jig is pivotally fastened to said supporting structure, said inner jig having pins with holes to be received in openings in said outer jig, said holes being positioned to receive keys.
 12. A device as claimed in claim 10, wherein a fastening member is connected to the side of said pivotable outer jig positioned adjacent said rear-wall jig, said fastening member cooperating with a further fastening member provided on said rear-wall jig.
 13. A device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the fastening members on said pivotable outer jig and on said rear-wall jig are arc means and a clamping hook respectively.
 14. A device as claimed in claim 12, wherein outer projections with key holes are provided on the side of said rear-wall jig which cooperates with said pivotable outer jig, said projections interfitting and cooperating with openings in said outer jig.
 15. A device as claimed in claim 12, wherein said inner jig has an upright rim on the upper part of its side facing said supporting structure with a collar that extends beyond said inner jig, an open mold being formed on said inner rim''s side away from said upright rim, and said mold having fastening means for holding a boarding.
 16. A device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the upper side of said pivotable outer jig is provided with a collar member having fastening members for fixing a boarding.
 17. A device as claimed in claim 16, wherein said collar member extends obliquely upwards from said outer jig towards the side opposite the side of said inner jig.
 18. A device as claimed in claim 12, wherein said inner jig is movable in a substantially horizontal direction.
 19. A device as claimed in claim 18, wherein said outer jig is pivotally mounted on said device by a pivotal shaft and said shaft is substantially normal to the direction of movement of said inner jig.
 20. A device as claimed in claim 19, wherein said outer jig is pivotable about a substantially vertical shaft.
 21. A device as claimed in claim 4, wherein a bottom supporting member is mounted in said device, the upper side of said supporting member comprising at least part of a jig for the lower side of the bottom of the cast section.
 22. A device as claimed in claim 21, wherein said supporting member is comprised of at least one supporting beam, the upper sides of said beam forming at least part of a jig for molding the section.
 23. A device as claimed in claim 22, wherein said supporting beam extends in a direction substantially normal to the direction of movement of said inner jig.
 24. A device as claimed in claim 23, wherein said supporting beam extends substantially in a horizontal direction.
 25. A device as claimed in claim 24, wherein said jig for the lower side has vertically movable jig parts for the bottom floor of said section to be cast, said jig parts being arranged between beams of said supporting member.
 26. A device for the manufacture of a prefabricated section forming part of a building, said device comprising at least two relatively movable jigs which can be fixed with respect to one another to define a mold, said mold having a configuration to make a section which includes a plurality of walls arranged at an angle to each other so that said section is designed to enclose at least part of the space of a building, said jigs being removable from the molded section and being associated with moving means that moves at least one of said jigs at substantially right angles to the molded section to release said jigs, said jigs including at least one inner jig and at least one outer jig associated with the outer side of said inner jig, said outer jig being turnable relative to said inner jig, said inner jig having displaceable parts which are movable at substantially right angles to the molded walls to loosen said jigs from the molded section.
 27. A device as claimed in claim 26, said inner jig having at least two walls movable relative to each other in a direction at right angles to the wall of a section formed in said mold whereby said jig can be released by drawing the inner walls of said jig towards each other.
 28. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building and includes two opposite walls diverging in one direction, a third wall connecting said opposite walls at their ends which are nearest to one another, and an open side at the ends where the opposite sides are farthest from one another, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least two movable jigs which are fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting said section, whereby said section forms an enclosure part for a space of the building, at least one of said jigs being an inner jig and being displaceable as a whole substantially horizontally in a direction to which said opposite walls diverge relative to one another and over a distance equal to or larger than the length of said opposite walls, said inner jig being coupled with driving members which displace said inner jig with respect to a second of said jigs in relatively opposite direction, whereby said one and said second jig are moved directly towards or away from each other.
 29. A device as claimed in claim 28, wherein said second jig is turnably mounted in said device about an axis which lies along the lower side of said second jig.
 30. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building and includes a bottom side and an upper side, two opposite walls diverging in one direction, a third wall connecting said opposite walls at one end thereof, and an open side opposite to said third wall, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least two movable jigs, said two jigs being fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting said section, said device further comprising a bottom jig on the upper side of which the bottom side of the section can be formed, said bottom jig being movable up and down by driving members, a further jig being turnable about a side thereof so as to form one side to which can form the third wall of the said section, an inner jig having an upper side and three wall sides being displaceable as a whole over a distance which is equal or larger than the length of said opposite walls, said inner jig being open at its lower side, said inner jig being coupled by supporting members to which are adjustably connected to side jigs, said inner jig and said two side jigs being coupled with driving members that displace said inner jig with respect to said further jig in a relatively opposite direction whereby said inner jig and said further jig are moved directly towards or away from each other.
 31. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building, said section including two opposite walls diverging in one direction and an intermediate wall between said opposite walls, a third wall connecting said three walls, and an open side at a side opposite to said third wall, said section further including a bottom side and an upper side, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including two movable inner jigs which are displaceable each as a whole over a guiding means in said device, a bottom jig below the bottom side of said section and side jigs to form the outer sides of said two opposite and third walls, said inner jigs each being displaceable in a horizontal direction over a distance which is at least equal to the length of the said two opposite walls, said bottom jigs being movable up and downwards whereas said side jigs are turnable in said device about an axis along one of their sides, and fixing means to fix said jigs in relatively fixed position to form a mold for casting said section.
 32. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least two movable jigs, which are fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting a section having at least two wall surfaces at an angle to each other, whereby said section forms an enclosure part for a space of the building, at least one of said jigs being an inner jig located in the space of the building section to be molded, said inner jig being displaceable as a whole, an outer jig being pivotally fastened to said inner jig, whereby said outer jig is displaceable with said inner jig, a further jig being provided, said inner jig being coupled with driving members which displace said inner jig in an opposite direction relative to said further jig whereby said inner jig and said further jig are moved directly towards or away from each other.
 33. A device as claimed in claim 32, wherein said inner jig is fastened to a supporting structure which is movable along guide means, said outer jig joining on the side facing of said supporting structure a projecting rim extending beyond said inner jig.
 34. A device for the manufacture of a prefabricated section forming at least part of a building, said device comprising at least two relatively movable jigs which can be fixed with respect to one another to define a mold, said mold having a configuration to make a section which includes a plurality of walls arranged at an angle to each other so that said section is defined to enclose part of the space of a building, said jigs being removable from the molded section and being associated with moving means which moves at least one of said jigs at substantially right angles to the molding section to release said jigs, said jigs include at least one inner jig and at least one outer jig which is associated with the outer side of said inner jig, said outer jig being displaceable relative to said inner jig, said inner jig having displaceable parts which are movable at substantially right angles to the molded walls to loosen said jigs from the molded section.
 35. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building and includes a bottom side, an upper side, two opposite walls, a third wall connecting said opposite walls, and an open side opposite to said third wall, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least two movable jigs which are fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting said section, said device further comprising a bottom jig on the upper side of which the bottom side of the section can be formed, said bottom jig being movable up and down by driving members, a further jig being turnable about a side thereof so as to form one side to which can form a third wall of the said section, an inner jig having an upper side and three wall sides being displaceable as a whole over a distance which is equal or larger than the length of said opposite walls, said inner jig being open at its lower side, said inner jig being coupled by supporting members to which are adjustably connected two side jigs, whereby said inner jig and said two jigs are coupled with driving members that displace said inner jig with respect to said further jig in a relatively opposite direction whereby said inner jig and said further jig are moved directly towards or away from each other, said inner jig having displaceable parts which are movable at substantially right angles to the molded walls to loosen said jigs from the molded section.
 36. A device for manufacturing a prefabricated section which forms at least part of a building and includes two opposite walls, a third wall connecting said opposite walls at ends thereof, and an open side at the opposite of that third wall, said device comprising a plurality of jigs including at least two movable jigs which are fixable in relative positions to form a mold for casting said section, whereby said section forms an enclosure part of a space of the building, at least one of said jigs being an inner jig and being displaceable as a whole substantially horizontally in a direction which is at least substantially parallel to said opposite walls, said inner jig being displaceable over a distance equal or larger than the length of said opposite walls, said inner jig having displaceable parts which are movable at substantially right angles to the molded walls to loosen said inner jig from the molded section, said inner jig being coupled with driving members that displace said inner jig with respect to a second jig in relatively opposite direction, whereby said inner jig and said other movable jig are moved directly towards or away from each other. 